{"id":5395,"date":"2025-01-22T16:19:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T21:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutritioncarestage.com\/?page_id=5395"},"modified":"2025-02-25T13:49:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T18:49:25","slug":"what-is-parenteral-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/about\/what-we-do\/nutrition-support\/what-is-parenteral-nutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Parenteral Nutrition?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    <div class=\"interior-header-block \">\n        <div class=\"interior-header\">\n                    <div class=\"header-right full-width\">\n                                    <div class=\"intro-content-content\">\n                        <div class=\"text-block\"><p>Parenteral [pah REN ter ul] nutrition (PN) is a way patients receive nutrition when they cannot use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or nutrition needs cannot be met through the GI tract alone. PN is a unique sterile intravenous (IV) solution that is given directly into the bloodstream via a catheter that is inserted into a vein. Each PN admixture is specifically formulated to meet a patient&rsquo;s unique nutrition needs. PN contains fluid, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed to meet nutrition needs. It was once called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or hyperalimentation.<\/p>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div> \n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-top\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 37%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>What types of IV catheters are used to administer PN?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>PN may be delivered via two different types of IV catheters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Central IV catheter<\/strong>: a large-diameter high-flow vein, usually in the chest near the heart. If PN is to be administered as a concentrated solution or for more than a short time, this is the preferred route.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peripheral IV catheter<\/strong>: small-diameter peripheral vein, usually in the hand or forearm. This is reserved for short-term administration only.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>Who can receive PN?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p style=\"text-align: left\">Patients of all ages (neonates, infants, children, adolescents, and adults) can receive PN. Thousands of patients receive PN yearly in acute care settings, and many continue PN at home or in long-term care facilities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>When is PN indicated?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>PN is given to patients who are unable to meet nutrition needs through the GI tract. PN is often given to those with moderate to severe GI diseases and those individuals who cannot properly digest or absorb food, such as short bowel syndrome, GI fistulas, or bowel obstruction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>What are the primary benefits of PN?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>PN is a lifesaving or life-sustaining therapy. PN provides the nutrients required when a person cannot consume enough food or nutrients by mouth or through the GI tract. Additionally, when enteral nutrition is unable to provide patients with the required nutrients, PN is an optimal choice, especially during recovery from a disease, illness, or condition. Patients can become malnourished without proper nutrition and develop adverse conditions such as infections or even death. PN provides the nutrients needed for proper body functions and overall well-being. PN can also prevent the development of malnutrition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>Are there side effects of PN?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>Although life-sustaining\/lifesaving, PN may be associated with some side effects. The side effects are dependent upon how long an individual remains on PN. Side effects may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Metabolic issues such as electrolyte imbalances, acid-base abnormalities, and glucose intolerance<\/li>\n<li>Hypertriglyceridemia<\/li>\n<li>IV catheter-related infection and other infectious complications<\/li>\n<li>Thrombosis<\/li>\n<li>PN-associated liver disease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Side effects can usually be prevented or managed with appropriate monitoring and intervention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>For how long does a person require PN?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>Patients can live well on PN for as long as needed. PN is often used briefly and then decreased or discontinued when the patient switches to enteral nutrition, nutritional needs are met via the GI tract or eats enough by mouth. Some patients may need PN lifelong.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>How is PN prepared?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>PN is prepared by a pharmacist in a sterile environment in a specialized pharmacy. Each PN solution is prepared to meet the patient&rsquo;s unique nutrition needs. PN solutions may be individually compounded or commercially available as a multi-chamber PN product. Compounded PN is when the pharmacist combines individual nutrients into a solution in the specialty pharmacy room. Another form of PN is called a multi-chamber bag (MCB-PN), where a commercial manufacturer prepares most of the PN ingredients into a two or three-chamber bag, and the pharmacist combines those ingredients and generally adds vitamins and trace elements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>How is PN administered?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>The PN admixture is attached to an IV pump that infuses the PN at a specific rate. PN can be administered continuously (i.e., over 24 hours) or as a cycle (i.e., generally over 10-18 hours). In the hospital setting, a nurse administers the PN to the patient. In the home setting, PN is generally administered by a caregiver or the patient.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"single-accordion-block\">\r\r\n    <div class=\"accordion-single\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-aid=\"#accordion1\"><icon><\/icon><span>What does follow-up care and monitoring (e.g., medical team, patient\/home healthcare, and dietitian care) of PN entail?<\/span><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"accordion-content\" id=\"accordion1\">\r\r\n            <div class=\"accordion-text-block\"><p>If a person goes home on PN, follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider will be scheduled. At these visits, weight and nutrition status will be monitored to determine if adjustments are needed in the PN regimen. Sometimes, a home care nurse or dietitian will schedule home visits for additional follow-up monitoring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\r\n        <\/div>\r\r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"396\" height=\"1024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-396x1024.png?ver=1737583525\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5400 size-full lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-396x1024.png 396w, https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-116x300.png 116w, https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-768x1987.png 768w, https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-594x1536.png 594w, https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1-792x2048.png 792w, https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PN-image-1.png 946w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 396px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 396\/1024;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"next-steps-wrap\">\r\r\n        <div class=\"h4\"><\/div>\r\r\n        <h2>Parenteral Nutrition Resources<\/h2>\r\r\n        <div class=\"description\"><\/div>\r\r\n        <div class=\"next-steps-block\">\r\r\n        \r\n        <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/clinical-resources\/parenteral-nutrition\/\">\r\r\n                <span>ASPEN Parenteral Nutrition Resources<\/span><icon><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"12\" viewbox=\"0 0 13 12\" fill=\"none\">\r\r\n        <path d=\"M6.85063 11.25C6.65875 11.25 6.46688 11.1769 6.32031 11.0303C6.0275 10.7375 6.0275 10.2625 6.32031 9.96968L9.54002 6.74997H1.60059C1.18653 6.74997 0.850586 6.41403 0.850586 5.99996C0.850586 5.5859 1.18653 5.24996 1.60059 5.24996H9.54002L6.32031 2.03024C6.0275 1.73743 6.0275 1.26243 6.32031 0.969611C6.61313 0.676796 7.08813 0.676796 7.38095 0.969611L11.881 5.46964C12.1738 5.76246 12.1738 6.23746 11.881 6.53028L7.38095 11.0303C7.23438 11.1769 7.04251 11.25 6.85063 11.25Z\" fill=\"#641F45\"><\/path>\r\r\n        <\/svg><\/icon>\r\r\n        <\/a>\r\r\n        \r\n        <a class=\"step\" href=\"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0148607117695251\">\r\r\n                <span>Indications and Appropriateness of Parenteral Nutrition<\/span><icon><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"13\" height=\"12\" viewbox=\"0 0 13 12\" fill=\"none\">\r\r\n        <path d=\"M6.85063 11.25C6.65875 11.25 6.46688 11.1769 6.32031 11.0303C6.0275 10.7375 6.0275 10.2625 6.32031 9.96968L9.54002 6.74997H1.60059C1.18653 6.74997 0.850586 6.41403 0.850586 5.99996C0.850586 5.5859 1.18653 5.24996 1.60059 5.24996H9.54002L6.32031 2.03024C6.0275 1.73743 6.0275 1.26243 6.32031 0.969611C6.61313 0.676796 7.08813 0.676796 7.38095 0.969611L11.881 5.46964C12.1738 5.76246 12.1738 6.23746 11.881 6.53028L7.38095 11.0303C7.23438 11.1769 7.04251 11.25 6.85063 11.25Z\" fill=\"#641F45\"><\/path>\r\r\n        <\/svg><\/icon>\r\r\n        <\/a>\r\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\r\n<\/div>\r\r\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Disclaimer<\/strong>: This content has been developed for use by healthcare professionals to inform other clinicians and\/or patients\/caregivers. ASPEN is making this content available for informational purposes only.&#8239;This content is not based on ASPEN Board Approved documents and should not be confused with ASPEN clinical guidelines as it was not developed according to ASPEN guideline processes. Recommendations provided here do not constitute medical or other professional advice and should not be taken as such. To the extent that the information presented here may be used to assist in the care of patients, the primary component of quality medical care is the result of the professional judgment of the healthcare professionals providing care. The information presented here is not a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment by healthcare professionals. Circumstances and patient specifics in clinical settings may require actions different from those recommended in this document; in those cases, the judgment of the treating professional should prevail. Use of this information does not in any way guarantee any specific benefit in outcome or survival. This tool is intended to supplement, but not replace, professional training and judgment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":2246,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-5395","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Parenteral Nutrition? - ASPEN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Parenteral nutrition (PN) is how patients receive nutrition when they cannot use the GI tract. Learn about types of PN.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nutritioncare.org\/about\/what-we-do\/nutrition-support\/what-is-parenteral-nutrition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Parenteral Nutrition?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Parenteral nutrition (PN) is how patients receive nutrition when they cannot use the GI tract. 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